The gender wage gap remains a serious issue in India. Women often earn less than men for similar work. This gap exists in both formal and informal labour markets. Researchers now use an intersectional approach to understand this problem better.
An intersectional approach examines how gender interacts with other factors. These factors include caste, class, education, and religion. This method reveals deeper layers of discrimination.
In the formal sector, educated women still face wage differences. Companies often pay them lower salaries than male colleagues with the same qualifications. Moreover, women receive fewer promotions and slower career growth.
In the informal sector, the situation becomes even worse. Most women work as domestic helpers, construction labourers, or farm workers. They earn significantly less than men doing the same jobs. Additionally, they receive fewer benefits and face greater job insecurity.
Furthermore, caste and class strongly influence wage gaps. Dalit and Adivasi women experience double discrimination. They earn the lowest wages and face more exploitation. Rural women also suffer more compared to urban women.
Employers sometimes justify these differences with traditional beliefs. However, studies show that discrimination, not productivity, drives much of the wage gap. Social norms and stereotypes continue to limit women’s bargaining power.
The intersectional approach helps policymakers design better solutions. It highlights the need for targeted interventions. Equal pay laws must be strictly enforced. Moreover, skill development programs should reach women from marginalised communities.
Closing the gender wage gap requires strong action. Both government and private sectors must work together. Only then can India achieve fair and inclusive economic growth.